A Systematic Literature Review of the Effects of Exports, Imports, Exchange Rate, and Inflation on Indonesia’s Economic Growth

Abstract

Economic growth remains a central indicator of national welfare and development, particularly
in emerging economies such as Indonesia. This study systematically reviews empirical findings
on how exports, imports, exchange rate fluctuations, and inflation influence Indonesia’s
economic growth. Using a systematic literature review approach, eight peer-reviewed journal
articles published between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed through thematic synthesis drawn
from Google Scholar and other academic databases. The results reveal that exports consistently
contribute positively to Indonesia’s gross domestic product (GDP), while the impacts of imports
vary depending on domestic industrial capacity and global demand structures. Exchange rate
stability is found to enhance trade competitiveness, whereas inflation demonstrates a shortterm but significant effect on growth. The study highlights the interdependence between trade
and monetary variables in shaping macroeconomic performance. Policy implications emphasize
the importance of maintaining external balance, controlling inflationary pressure, and fostering
export diversification to sustain long-term economic growth in Indonesia.